Hematologic malignancies are generally categorized by, their cell of origin. Most commonly, leukemias arise from, early myeloid or lymphoid progenitors (blasts), whereas, lymphomas are derived from mature lymphocytes or, their progenitors. As a result, leukemias are characterized, by infiltration of the bone marrow and peripheral blood, with malignant cells, whereas lymphomas are diagnosed, from biopsies of solid lymphoid tissues., Ophthalmic manifestations of hematologic malignancies, can arise via direct and indirect mechanisms, with the, former due to infiltration of neoplastic cells and the latter, resulting from downstream hematologic alterations, (anemia, hyperviscosity, and/or thrombocytopenia)., This chapter reviews the ophthalmic manifestations of, vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL), choroidal lymphoma, (CL), and leukemia, and discuss an approach to diagnosing, and managing each condition (Mind map 34-1).