Space-occupying lesions and tumors in the orbit may, stem from any normal, aberrant, or heterotopic orbital, tissue. When infectious and inflammatory processes are, excluded, a large variety of orbital tumors remain to be, classified according to their epidemiological aspects,, clinical features, radiological characteristics, biological, behavior, or clinicopathological origins (Mind-map, 40-1). This chapter covers congenital tumors, including, dermoid and epidermoid cysts, dermolipoma, as well as, orbital fibrous, osseous, and cartilaginous tumors and, other rare soft tissue tumors, together with their systemic, implications.
Chapter Keyword: sarcoma
Diagnosis and Management of Malignant Orbital Tumors
Given the confined space of the bony orbit, any neoplasm, of the orbit can present with a varying mixture of similar, signs and symptoms of globe displacement, eyelid, swelling, blepharoptosis, limitation in eye movement,, conjunctival chemosis, hyperemia, elevated intraocular, pressure, chorioretinal folds, and optic nerve compression, as well as other cranial neuropathies.1 Malignant, tumors grow rapidly, with symptoms developing over, months to weeks. Due to the rapid growth and tendency, to involve sensory nerves, pain is a more common (but, not necessary) feature of a malignant orbital tumor.2 On, imaging, malignant lesions tend to be infiltrative, not, respecting the natural boundaries of anatomic compartments, and causing bone erosion and destruction rather, than remodeling. These general rules have exceptions., Not all lesions can be classified into benign or malignant, based on clinical presentation and imaging findings;, therefore, most will require tissue biopsy.3 Treatment, is multidisciplinary, with oncology, radiation oncology,, and other specialties as needed. Staging orbital tumors, with the most recent AJCC TNM classification ensures, improved multidisciplinary communication and patient, care.4 The topics of orbital tumor classification and differential, diagnosis are covered elsewhere in this book (see, Chapters 42 and 43). In the current chapter, we focus, on the diagnosis and specific management of common, malignant orbital neoplasms.