Current Clinical Evidence in Ophthalmology

Clinical ophthalmology, like many other branches of science, is advancing rapidly. With over 230,000 clinical trials registered on
ClinicalTrials.gov
and more being added every year it becomes increasingly difficult to keep abreast of developments that are relevant to our everyday clinical practice.

Major advances such as intravitreal treatments for retinal diseases have led to revolutionary improvements in patient outcomes. Our patients rightly expect that ophthalmologists will deliver the best available care according to solid clinical evidence. Patients also have more access to information and increasingly want to discuss the evidence supporting clinical decisions. Never before has there been such pressure to apply the latest results to our daily clinical practice.

With these ideas in mind, we have tried to identify and summarise the key clinical trials that have made the most tangible difference to patient care in ophthalmology. We hope this book will offer a useful portable resource for the practising ophthalmologist and for those preparing for examinations. Our aim is to provide a cogent and useful summary of the evidence that will improve communication and care for our patients.

Jesse Gale, Keith R. Martin and Harry Roberts

Introduction

Preface

About the authors

List of Abbreviation

Section 1: Anterior Segment

Herpetic Eye Disease Study – 1 (HEDS – 1)

Herpetic Eye Disease Study – 2 (HEDS – 2)

Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study (EVS)

European Society for Cataract and Refractive Surgeons (ESCRS Study)

Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Keratoconus (CLEK)

Corneal collagen cross-linking in progressive keratoconus

Section 2: Glaucoma

Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS)

European Glaucoma Prevention Study (EGPS)

Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial (EMGT)

United Kingdom Glaucoma Treatment Study (UKGTS)

Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS)

Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study (CIGTS)

Collaborative Normal-Tension Glaucoma Study (CNTGS)

Low-Tension Glaucoma Treatment Study (LoGTS)

Glaucoma Laser Trial (GLT)

5-Fluorouracil Filtering Surgery Study (FFSS)

Tube Versus Trabeculectomy (TVT) study

Ahmed Baerveldt Comparison (ABC) and Ahmed Versus Baerveldt (AVB) Studies

Effectiveness in Angle-closure Glaucoma of Lens Extraction (EAGLE) Study

Section 3: Retina

Diabetic Control and Complication Trial (DCCT) and Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) trial

United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS)

Diabetic Retinopathy Study (DRS)

Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS)

DRCR.NET Protocol I – Macular Laser Combined with Ranibizumab or Triamcinalone vs. Macular Laser Alone

DRCR.NET Protocol T – Aflibercept, Bevacizumab, or Ranibizumab for Diabetic Macular Edema

DRCR.NET Protocol S – Panretinal Photocoagulation vs. Intravitreal Ranibizumab for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD)

Diabetic Retinopathy Vitrectomy Study (DRVS)

Ranibizumab for Diabetic Macular Oedema (RISE & RIDE)

Ranibizumab Monotherapy or Combined with Laser versus Laser Monotherapy for Diabetic Macular Edema (RESTORE)

Intravitreal Aflibercept for Diabetic Macular Edema (DA VINCI)

Intravitreal Aflibercept for Diabetic Macular Edema (VIVID & VISTA)

Bevacizumab or Laser Therapy in the Management of Diabetic Macular Edema (BOLT)

Fluocinolone Acetonide Vitreous Inserts for Diabetic Macular Edema (FAME A & B)

The Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS I)

Lutein, Zeaxanthin and Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS-2)

Ranibizumab vs. Verteporfin for Predominantly Classic Choroidal Neovascularisation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ANCHOR)

Ranibizumab for Minimally Classic or Occult Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration (MARINA)

Randomised, Double-Masked, Sham-Controlled Trial of Ranibizumab for Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration (PIER)

Safety and Efficacy of a Flexible Dosing Regimen of Ranibizumab in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration (SUSTAIN)

PrONTO Studies: An Optical Coherence Tomography-Guided Variable Dosing Regimen with Intravitreal Ranibizumab (Lucentis) for Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration

Efficacy and Safety of Monthly versus Quarterly Ranibizumab Treatment in Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration (EXCITE)

SAILOR Study: Safety Assessment of Intravitreal Lucentis for AMD

Ranibizumab vs. Bevacizumab for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Inhibition of VEGF in Age-related Neovascularisation (IVAN)

Ranibizumab vs. Bevacizumab for Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration Comparison of Age-related macular degeneration Treatments Trial (CATT)

Intravitreal Afliberept (VEGF Trap-Eye) in Wet Age-related Macular Degeneration (VIEW 1&2)

The Central Vein Occlusion Study – CVOS

The Branch Vein Occlusion Study – BVOS

The Standard Care vs. cOrticosteroid for Retinal vEin Occlusion (SCORE) – CRVO

The Standard Care vs. cOrticosteroid for Retinal vEin Occlusion (SCORE) – BRVO

Dexamethasone for the treatment of Macular Edema following Retinal Vein Occlusion (GENEVA)

Ranibizumab for the treatment of Macular Edema after Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Study (CRUISE)

Ranibizumab for the treatment of Macular Edema following Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRAVO)

Intravitreal Aflibercept for Macular Edema following Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (COPERNICUS & GALILEO)

Intravitreal Aflibercept Injection for Macular Edema following Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (VIBRANT)

Ranibizμmab And Verteporfin Evaluation in Myopic Choroidal Neovascularization (RADIANCE)

Intravitreal Aflibercept in Myopic Choroidal Neovascularization (MYRROR)

Efficacy and Safety of Verteporfin Photodynamic Therapy in Combination with Ranibizumab or Alone Versus Ranibizumab Monotherapy in Patients with Symptomatic Macular Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy (EVEREST)

Microplasmin for Intravitreous Injection – Traction Release without Surgical Treatment (MIVI-TRUST)

Section 4: Neuro-ophthalmology

Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (ONTT)

Interferon-β1a for Optic Neuritis: The Controlled High-risk subjects Avonex Multiple Sclerosis Prevention Study (CHAMPS)

Interferon-β1a for Optic Neuritis: The Early Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis Study (ETOMS)

Interferon-β1b for Optic Neuritis: Betaferon/Betaseron in Newly Emerging Multiple Sclerosis For Initial Treatment (BENEFIT) trial

International Optic Nerve Trauma Study (IONTS)

Corticosteroid Randomisation After Significant Head injury trial (CRASH)

Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Treatment Trial (IIHTT)

Idebenone for Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy – the Rescue of Hereditary Optic Disease Outpatient Study (RHODOS)

Idebenone for Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy – Carelli retrospective study

North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET)

Section 5: Paediatric Ophthalmology

Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity (CRYOROP)

Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity (ETROP)

Bevacizumab Eliminates the Angiogenic Threat of Retinopathy of Prematurity (BEATROP)

Pediatric Eye Disease Investigators Group Study (PEDIG) –or– Amblyopia Treatment Study (ATS)

Infant Aphakia Treatment Study (IATS)

Atropine for the Treatment of Myopia I (ATOM I)

Atropine for the Treatment of Myopia II (ATOM II)

Index of Codes