Patient counseling is one of the most important aspects of ocular oncology (Mind map 7-1). It starts with devel-oping a rapport with the patient and continues as an element of teaching about their medical problem. It affects future recovery, psychological stability, and follow-up compliance. Patient counseling helps patients develop realistic expectations for disease outcomes and has a lasting impact on the patient’s quality of life and perception of their care. The patient’s recollections of your counseling process will remain with them for the rest of their lives. This chapter teaches the basic concepts of patient and family counseling for ophthalmic oncology. For this purpose, we utilize the most common primary intraocular tumors: RB in children and choroidal melanoma in adults.